Manganese is a metallic/essential/critical element that plays a vital role/part/function in both human health and various industrial processes. Within/In/Throughout the human body, manganese acts as a cofactor/catalyst/component for numerous enzymes involved in metabolism, bone formation, and wound healing/tissue repair/cellular function. Industria

UHMWPE, celebrated for its exceptional durability, has emerged as a driving force in the field of medical applications. Its remarkable biocompatibility and reduced friction coefficient make UHMWPE an ideal candidate for a wide range of implants, prosthetics, and clinical devices. Additionally, its resistance to wear and tear guarantees long-term

Sputtering is a vital technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, specifically, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, liberating atoms that then